When a [mass] consensus over [political] values exists, elites face different incentives than when none exists.#
Maintaining limits on the state requires that citizens oppose a violation even if they potentially benefit from it. . . . [C]itizens in stable democracies not only must value democracy but also must be willing to take costly action to defend democratic institutions against potential violations.#
Most of what passes for ‘socialism’ in the U.S. today is actually clientelism, the exchange of favors for political support. Based on the examples of Venezuela and Post-soviet Russia, that’s likely even worse.